Chronology of events 1974 – 1976

Chronology compiled by Yuli Kosharovsky and Enid Wurtman

Employed Abbreviations: AA – the archive of the author; DM – Date of message (not the event);

TM- a telephone message from Moscow in real time.

The sources of information are listed below. The numbers of the sources are placed in The Chronology  in parentheses.

  1. Морозов Борис, “Еврейская эмиграция в свете новых документов“, “Центр Каммингса”, “Тель Авивский Университет”, “ЦХСД”, 1998.
  2. Энн Шенкарь, Бюллетень “Комитета действия” (англ.).
  3. “Википедия“, http://ru.wikipedia.org .
  4. “Еврейская электронная энциклопедия” http://www.eleven.co.il .
  5. Краткая Еврейская Энциклопедия, том.8, “Общество по исследованию еврейских общин”, “Еврейский университет в Иерусалиме”, Иерусалим, 1996.
  6. Jewish Encyclopedia, CD-Rom Edition
  7. Friedman, Murray and Chernin, Albert, Editors, “A Second Exodus, The American Movement to Free Soviet Jews“, Hanover, Brandeis University Press, 1999.
  8. Gilbert, Martin, “Shcharansky, Hero of Our Time“, London, Macmillan London Limited, 1986.
  9. Levin, Nora, “The Jews in the Soviet Union since 1917, Paradox of Survival“, Volume I, Volume II, New York and London, New York University Press, 1988.
  10. Prital David, “Jews of the FSU in Israel and Diaspora“.
  11. Soviet Jewish Affairs, Chronicle of Events, Sources are Western Press reports, unless specifically stated.
  12. Rosenfeld Nancy “Unfinished Journey”.
  13. Eizen, Wendy, “Count Us In, The Struggle to Free Soviet Jews”, A Canadian Perspective, Toronto, Burgher Books, 1995.
  14. Washington Post.
  15. Wurtman Enid, Articles in “Jerusalem Post” and audiocassettes of telephone talks with refuseniks in Russia.
  16. Schroeter, Leonard, “The Last Exodus“, Jerusalem, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, Jerusalem, 1974.
  17. Insight, 70 Years of Soviet Union.
  18. Нехемия Леванон, Код Натив, Ам овед, 1995, иврит.
  19. Юлий Кошаровский, “Мы снова евреи“, том 1, 2007.
  20. “Антиеврейские процессы в Советском Союзе 1969-1971 годов“, Издание Еврейского университета в Иерусалиме и Центра исследований восточноевропейского еврейства 1979 год.
  21. Пинкус Вениамин, “Национальное возрождение“, Центр наследия Бен-Гуриона, 1993, иврит.
  22. Интервью автору.
  23. “Сборник писем, петиций и обращений“, “Центр по изучению восточноевропейского еврейства”.
  24. Shindler, Colin, “Exit Visa, Détente, Human Rights and the Jewish Emigration Movement in the USSR“, London, Bachman and Turner, 1978.
  25. Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry. Newsletter.
  26. Gilbert, Martin, “The Jews of Hope, The Plight of Soviet Jewry Today“, London, Macmillan London Limited, 1984.
  27. Файн Вениамин, “Вера и разум“, Маханаим, Иерусалим 2007.
  28. Bulleten UCSJ “Alert“.
  29. Lerner, Alexander, “Change of Heart“, Minneapolis, Lerner Publication Company, Rehovot, Balaban Publishers, 1992.
  30. Lein, Evgeny “Lest we forget“.
  31. Israel Public Council for Soviet Jewry, Israel, Profile.
  32. Gilbert, Martin, “The Jews of Hope, The Plight of Soviet Jewry Today” London, Macmillian London Limited, 1984.
  33. Joel L. Lebowitz, James S.Langer, William I. Glaberson, Editors, “Fourth International conference on collective fenomena“, Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences, Published by The New York Academy of Science, ANYAA9 337, 1-223, 1980.
  34. Loel L. Lebowitz, Editor, “Fourth International conference on collective fenomena“, Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences, Published by The New York Academy of Science, ANYAA9 373, 1-233, 1981.
  35. Давид Зильберман, “Голодная демонстрация советских евреев в Москве 10-11 марта 1971 года, Дневник демонстранта, Сказание об исходе из России, Нацрат Элит, Израиль, 1971 год.
  36. Инна Аксельрод-Рубина “Жизнь как жизнь, воспоминания“, Иерусалим 2006.
  37. Информационный бюллетень по вопросам репатриации и еврейской культуры, еврейский информационный центр в Москве.
  38. Jerusalem post, Soviet Jewry, Jewish World by Enid Wurtman.
  39. Александр Парицкий, “Молитва”, Иерусалим 2006, Verba Pablishers, Jerusalem.
  40. Evgeny Lein, Lest we forget, The Refuseniks struggle and World Jewish Solidarity, The Jerusalem publishing cebter, Jerusalem, 1997.
  41. Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter, Human Rights, Perestroika, and The End of The Cold War, United States Institute of Peace, Washington, DC, 2009
  42. Baruch Gur, Open Gates, The Inside Story of the Mass Aliya from the Soviet Union and its Successor States, Jewish Agence for Israel, printet by Graphit, Jerusalem 1996.
  43. Lois Rosenblum interviews: Rosenblum Oral History Project: In­volvement in the Soviet Jewry movement, interviews with Louis Rosenblum, 1996-1999, Louis Rosenblum Pap­ers, MS 4926, Jewish Archives of the Western Reserve Historical Society.

 

??.??.1974 Alexander Slinin (Lozovaya), applied for exit visa, was arrested for refusing military service. Later sentenced to three years in prison.
02.01.1974 Moscow diplomatic sources say USSR allowed a record 34,750 Jews to emigrate in 1973 as opposed to 31,500 in 1972.  Emigrants were mainly from Southern Ukraine, Byelorussia, the Baltic States and Georgia.  Few Jews from Moscow or Leningrad received exit permits.  (d.o.r.)  (11, Vol. 4, number 1, 1974, p. 126).
04.01.1974 43 Moscow Jews, in an open letter to Western political leaders, artists and scientists who intend to visit USSR in the near future, ask them to bear in mind that these visits are now traditionally accompanied by house arrests and detentions of many Jewish residents in Moscow and other towns in order to prevent them from meeting with foreigners (11, Vol. 4, number 1, 1974, p. 126).
04.01.1974 Following rejection of Feldman’s appeal, 50 Jews from Moscow, Leningrad, Novosibirsk, Kiev, Riga, Tallinn and Tbilisi protest to all Jewish communities and International Association of Lawyers against the fabricated trial. (11, Vol. 4, number 1, 1974, p. 126).
04.01.1974 28 Jews from Vilnius in letter to Supreme Soviet demand law guaranteeing right of unhindered emigration.  (11, Vol. 4, number 1, 1974, p. 126).
11.01.1974 Tour of the Leningrad Kirov Ballet Theatre in the United States canceled in part because of public protests over Soviet refusal to allow Panovs to leave for Israel. (11, Vol. 4, number 1, 1974, p. 126).
16.01.1974 Mark Lutsker, a 25 year old mathematics student, expelled in 1972 from Voronezh University for wanting to emigrate to Israel, was arrested at Kiev OVIR when enquiring about his emigration permit, sentenced to two years imprisonment for alleged evasion of military service and sent to camp near Kutaisi, Georgia. (d.o.r.) (11, Vol. 4, number 1, 1974, p. 127).
18.01.1974 Soviet Jewish activists, Vladimir Slepak and Victor Polsky, repeatedly refused permission to emigrate, present their cases in appeals to the UN Human Rights Commission. (V.Slepak initially applied for emigration in April, 1970 and V.Polsky in November, 1970) (11, Vol. 4, number 1, 1974, p. 127).
18.01.1974 Soviet Jewish refusenik-scientists Alexander Lerner, Alexander Voronel, Mark Azbel, David Azbel, Venyamin Levich, Alexander Lunts, Victor Polsky, and Victor Brailovsky in open letter to scientific societies and scientists of the world detail persecution of Soviet scientists wishing to emigrate to Israel.  (11, Vol. 4, number 1, 1974, p. 127).
21.01.1974 The Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly deplores arbitrary arrests, police harassment and persecution of Soviet Jews wishing to emigrate. The Council calls on the USSR to improve East-West  detente by granting more exit visas to Jews wishing to leave for Israel and permit those choosing to remain in Russia to practice freely their cultural and religious customs. (11, Vol. 4, number 1, 1974, p. 127).
21.01.1974 Equity, British actors’ union, asks Home Secretary to bar Soviet companies and individual performers from appearing in Britain as long as Panovs are refused right to work or leave USSR. (11, Vol. 4, number 1, 1974, p. 127).
23.01.1974 Professor David Azbel announced his intention to hold a hunger strike in support of Sakharov and Solzhenitsyn. (11, Vol. 4, number 1, 1974, p. 128).
23.01.1974 Izak Tsudikovich Hochberg of Kishinev, the well-known mathematics professor and Corresponding Member of Moldavian Academy of Sciences, was dismissed from his post as head of Department in the Institute of Mathematics after applying to emigrate to Israel. (11, Vol. 4, number 1, 1974, p. 128).
25.01.1974 KGB stops Moscow UPI correspondent G.P. Joseloff on a Moscow street after his interview with a group of Jewish activists and seizes written replies to questions he posed to them. Soviet Foreign Ministry’s Press Department warns him of inadmissibility of such actions . (11, Vol. 4, number 1, 1974, p. 128).
29.01.1974 Valery Panov in interview in his Leningrad apartment discloses rumors that the authorities plan to jail him to stop his campaign to emigrate to Israel with his wife.  (11, Vol. 4, number 1, 1974, p. 128).
Feb. 1974 Split  among refuseniks community begins after information about the visits of Alexander Lunts to the KGB became known. (aa).
01.02.1974 University College, Oxford, elects for the third time Professor Venyamin Levich, the eminent Soviet Jewish scientist, as a visiting fellow. (11, Vol. 4, number 1, 1974, p. 128).
05.02.1974 On his way home from Cuba Brezhnev tells representatives of Canadian Jewish Community of St. Johns at Gander airport, Newfoundland, that the real figure of Soviet Jews wanting to emigrate was 3,500 and not 500,000 quoted by the group.  He refuses to intervene in the case of Sylva Zalmanson, currently serving 10 year labor camp sentence. (11, Vol. 4, number 1, 1974, p. 128).
08.02.1974 Many leading figures in British show business appealed to Soviet authorities to allow Panov to emigrate to Israel with his wife. (11, p. 128).
14.02.1974 Hunger strike of Vitaly Rubin, Vladimir Galatzky. David Azbel and Ida Nudel continue their hunger strike. (11, Vol. 4, number 1, 1974, p. 129, 22, Inna Rubin).
17.02.1974 40,000 Soviet citizens were permitted to emigrate in 1973  (37,000 in 1972); 35,000  Jews to Israel (32,000 in 1972); 4,400  Germans to West Germany (3,900 in 1972); and 750 Jews and Armenians to USA (500 in 1972).  (d.o.r.) (11, Vol. 4, number 1, 1974, p.129).
18.02.1974 Valery Panov is threatened with tough measures, unless he leaves the USSR  immediately without his wife. (11, Vol. 4, number 1, 1974, p. 129).
21.02.1974 Vitaly Rubin, Vladimir Galatzky and David Azbel completed a hunger strike. (22, Inna Rubin).
22.02.1974 Jewish activists Mark Abramovich and Yakov Schwartzman (Kishinev), Leonid Bendersky (Tiraspol) and Sender Levinson (Bendery) were arrested in Kishinev after staging a hunger strike near the Central Post Office. ( 11, Vol. 4, number 1, 1974, p. 129).
01.03.1974 Soviet police detain about 70 Jews from Moscow and other Soviet cities to prevent the transmission of a petition to the Central Committee of the CPSU with 200 signatures. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 106).
01.03.1974 Radio Moscow reports demonstration by Zionist elements during the wreath laying ceremony at the monument to the heroes of Plevna in Moscow (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 106).
04.03.1974 Kiev Jewish activists Alexander Tsatskis and Saul Raslin beaten by police outside the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow: and subsequently transferred to Kiev, arrested and interrogated in Kiev. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 106).
07.03.1974 David Rockefeller, Chairman of Chase Manhattan Bank, criticizes the Jackson Amendment: concern for Jewish emigration and human rights must not jeopardize US-Soviet trade relations. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 106).
07.03.1974 Jewish activists Miron Dorfman, Mark Abramovich, Yacov Schwartzman (Kishinev), Leonid Bendersky (Tiraspol) and Sender Levinson (Bendery), serving 15 day sentences for staging a hunger strike outside the Central Post office in Kishinev, celebrated Purim by declaring a 48 hour hunger strike. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 106).
07.03.1974 Yankel Khantsis (see Nov. 9th  1974.) released from prison and in April he will leave for Israel (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 107).
08.03.1974 Henry Kissinger warned Congress of a presidential veto if the trade bill linked to Soviet emigration (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 107).
13.03.1974  Eight US Congressmen appeal to Brezhnev on behalf of the Panovs. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 107).
15.03.1974  President Nixon states the rise in the number of Jews permitted to leave the USSR is due to his personal contacts with Soviet leaders; passage of his trade bill necessary for continuing dialogue with Russians and further emigration.( 11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 107).
15.03.1974 Senators Henry Jackson and Abraham Ribicoff tell Dr. Kissinger that Soviet assurance of more than 35 thousand Jewish emigration permits annually are the condition for considering compromise on the Jackson Amendment. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 107).
!17/03/1974 The Ford Foundation has allocated $250,000  to help resettle Soviet émigré scholars and writers in America. (According to US government figures about 300 arrived in 1971; 450 in 1972; 1,450 in 1973 and 4,000 expected in 1974). (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 107).
21.03.1974 Samizdat anthology Solzhenitsyn’s “Live not by the Lie” begins circulating in Moscow (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 107).
21.03.1974 Jewish activist Valery Kukui (Sverdlovsk), sentenced in June 1971 to three years in labor camp, is released; in early April he will leave USSR for Israel. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 107).
21.03.1974 Naum Olshansky (Minsk) renounces Soviet citizenship and turns in his medals to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 107).
24.03.1974 Before his departure to Moscow, Dr. Kissinger is urged to obtain Moscow’s pledge to permit to emigrate about 1,600 Jews repeatedly refused exit visas. At the same time Pravda warns US to keep Jewish emigration out of Kissinger’s talks in Moscow and accuses international Zionism of stepping up activities aimed at disrupting East-West accord. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 107).
24.03.1974 Henry Kissinger in Moscow ‒ March 24th-28th. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 107).
28.03.1974 Isaac Poltinikov, Novosibirsk, retired military ophthalmologist, deprived of pension and rank following application for exit visa for Israel two years ago, threatened by KGB with a trial on charge of parasitism.  Poltinikov appeals to American Congress of  Opthamologists.  (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 108).
28.03.1974 Four MPs of All-Party Parliamentary Committee for the Relief of Soviet Jewry (England) refused visas to Russia. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 108).
05.04.1974 132 Soviet Jews from 13 towns appeal to the U.S. Senators in behalf of Alexander Feldman, confined to a punishment cell and his detention was repeatedly extended despite serious illness. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 108).
11.04.1974 Golda Meir resigns as Prime Minister of Israel.
12.04.1974 Over 100 Soviet Jews sent letter of condolence to people of Israel in connection with the massacre in Kiryat Shmona. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 108).
12.04.1974 Yuri Berkovsky, former Soviet naval officer and his wife Anna, former philosophy lecturer, both unemployed since applying for emigration in June 1972, arrested in Novosibirsk on trumped up charges of speculation. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 108).
12.04.1974 39 Moscow activists appeal to the Central Committee of the CPSU in behalf of astrophysicist Evgeny Levich, punitively drafted to the army, May 16th 1973; and despite ill health, sent to serve in Yakutia. The activists demand cessation of all repressions of Jews wishing to leave for Israel. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 108).
14.04.1974 Andrei Sakharov in friendly criticism of Solzhenitsyn’s “Letter to the Soviet Leaders” urges freedom of movement across borders for all citizens of the USSR. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 108).
14.04.1974 Many Kiev Jews lay wreaths and flowers in Babi Yar, the site of the Nazi  massacre of Jews, in memory of the Kiryat Shmona victims and Warsaw ghetto heroes. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 108).
15.04.1974 Fifty prisoners, including eleven Jews in Perm camps 35 and 36 begin hunger strike demanding improved conditions of detention, changes in starvation diet of prisoners in punishment cells and transfer to  hospital of Russian dissident, Vladimir Bukovsky. They end strike after 14 days. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 108).
17.04.1974 Professor David Azbel and his family granted permission to emigrate to Israel. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 108).
17.04.1974 The newspaper Trud and Soviet Culture have published articles against an international symposium hoped to be organized by refusenik-scientists. The symposium was cited as a “provocation” and “guest session of Tel-Aviv University.”
23.04.1974 Senator Kennedy arrives in Moscow as a guest of the Supreme Soviet and meets Brezhnev; among topics reviewed: Middle East, trade and emigration. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 109).
23.04.1974 Leonid Zabelishensky (Sverdlovsk) was released from prison. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 109).
24.04.1974 Refusenik and war hero Yefim Davidovich suffers heart attack (Minsk, Belarus ).
25.04.1974 A meeting of Senator Kennedy with the leading Jewish  activists in the apartment of Professor Alexander Lerner. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 109).
25.04.1974 Jews all over the USSR commemorate Israel’s 26th anniversary and send messages to President Katzir and Israeli people. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 109).
26.04.1974 Jewish cameraman Mikhail Suslov and scriptwriter Felix Kamov-Kandel have their names removed from film credits. (Both applied to emigrate to Israel in 1973), (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 109).
28.04.1974 100,000 Americans demonstrate solidarity with Soviet Jewry in New York. (11, p. 109).
28.04.1974 New Israeli government is formed under Yitzchak Rabin.
29.04.1974 Alexander Feldman (Kiev) placed again in a punishment cell for 15 days. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 109).
29.04.1974 E. Felzenshtein from Kharkov, denied permission to emigrate to Israel, renounces title of Hero of the Soviet Union in a statement to USSR Supreme Soviet. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 109).
30.04.1974 Old Jewish cemetery in Lvov obliterated; site turned into market place and synagogue into sports hall.  (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 109).
02.05.1974 1,600 Soviet Jews arrived in Israel in April, as compared with 1,720 in March 1974.
03.05.1974 Plan announced by international committee of academics to hold unofficial seminar in Professor Alexander Voronel’s apartment in Moscow July 1st – 5th to draw attention to the plight of Jewish scientists refused permission to leave USSR. 19 Jewish scientists dismissed after applying to emigrate to Israel associate themselves with this plan. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 109).
05.05.1974 World Jewish leaders, meeting in London, issue declaration in support of Soviet Jewry. Hundreds of Soviet Jews sign messages of good will to the conference. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 109).
05.05.1974 Two new anti-Zionist books were recently published in the USSR: “The Secret Front” by First KGB Deputy Chairman Semyon K. Tsvigun, and “Against Zionism and Israeli Aggression”- a collection of Israeli Communist “Rakah” Party documents and articles by African and Latin American Communists.( d.o.r.),  (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 109).
07.05.1974 Moscow Jewish activist Victor Polsky charged with violation of  traffic regulations and safety in driving; faces prison sentence of 3 years. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 110).
08.05.1974 Equity, British actors trade union, appeals to Employment Secretary to ban forthcoming Bolshoi Ballet season in London because of Soviet refusal to allow Panovs to emigrate. The union appeals to Prime-Minister Wilson on May 17th. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 109).
10.05.1974 Miron Dorfman and family permitted to emigrate to Israel after 8 years of arrests, hunger strikes, petitions and protests. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 109).
17.05.1974 Fifty activists demonstrated at the Lebanese Embassy in Moscow in protest against actions of Lebanese terrorists in Maalot, Israel, which led to the deaths of twenty three children. Twenty seven demonstrators were detained until the evening; 100 refuseniks from Moscow; 20 from Minsk and 7 from Tbilisi send protests to Brezhnev and UN Secretary-General. Many Soviet Jews send messages of condolence to President Katzir and the people of Israel. (d.o.r).  (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 110).
17.05.1974 Soviet State Committee on Science and Technology and The USSR Academy of Sciences  Presidium condemned in the newspapers “Trud” and “Soviet Culture” the International seminar organized by refusenik-scientists as a provocative idea. The next day, refusenik-scientists sent a protest to these papers. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 110).
19.05.1974 26 members of the British Parliament sign House of Commons motion to ban Bolshoi Ballet’s visit to Britain as long as the Panovs are not allowed to leave USSR. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 110).
19.05.1974 Police prevent the Jews of Kiev from  laying wreath at Babi Yar in memory of children murdered in Maalot, Israel. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 110).
23.05.1974 Five Moscow Jews sent a letter of protest  to the 17th Congress of the World Postal Union (Lausanne) against the practice of Soviet authorities of eavesdropping and disconnecting international calls. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 110).
23.05.1974 117 Moscow Jews protest in an open letter to the Soviet government against  biased coverage of  Maalot massacre in Soviet media. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 110).
24.05.1974 Evgeny Levich demobilized from the Soviet army.
23.05.1974 Valery Panov stripped of title of Honored Artist of RSFSR by decree of Supreme Soviet. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 110).
28.05.1974 More than 30 Moscow Jews launch one day hunger strike in solidarity with Alexander Feldman, who has been on hunger strike since release on May 14th from his 4th term of solitary confinement .(11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 111).
29.05.1974 Mikhael Stern, a doctor from Vinnitsa, is arrested. Officially ‒ on charge of bribes. Actually ‒ because he did not condemn the desire of his children to leave for Israel.
00/06 / 1974 The trial of refusenik Alexander Slinin (Kharkov) for evading military service. The sentence ‒ three years of deprivation of freedom.
01.06.1974 An international symposium, which was supposed to be held July 1st ‒ 5th on the basis of refusenik scientific seminar led by Alexander Voronel, foiled by the authorities.
01.06.1974 17 Jewish activists staged 3 weekend demonstrations outside Moscow Intourist Hotel. Among participants: Iosif  Beilin, Anatoly Novikov, Lev Gendin and others. Four arrested for 15 days. Four sent back to Odessa where they reside. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 111).
03.06.1974 Albert Isakovich Koltunov, lottery worker from Chernovtsy, sentenced to five years strict regime imprisonment on trumped-up charge of bribery. He applied for an exit visa to Israel mid-February 1974 and was arrested on March 14th. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 111).
05.06.1974 President Nixon, in major policy address at the Naval Academy in Annapolis, blasted those who want to use detente to extract domestic policy changes in USSR. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 111).
05.06.1974 Dr. Kissinger tells Senators Jackson, Javits and Ribicoff of Soviet readiness to guarantee in writing emigration of 45,000 Jews per year and to deal with problems of harassment of emigration applicants. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 111).
05.06.1974 Intergovernmental committee for European Migration (ICEM) puts numbers of Jews who left the USSR from January 1 to March 4 1974 at 7,260 (compared with over 10,000 for the same period in 1973).  (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 111).
07.06.1974 In anticipation of President Nixon’s visit, telephones of Moscow Jewish activists are cut off; many receive conscription orders, particularly those organizing scientific seminar. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 111).
07.06.1974 317 Jews from many cities protest  new wave of repressions in a letter, sent on June 2, to National Conference on Soviet Jewry in America. ( 11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 111).
07.06.1974 Valery and Galina Panov granted visas. They will arrive in Israel on June 15th. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 111).
08.06.1974 KGB detain Professor A. Voronel for several hours and threaten him with imprisonment and exile in Siberia unless he ceases to sponsor a scientific seminar  for refuseniks. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 111).
12.06.1974 Bolshoi Theater arrives in Britain accompanied by Jewish demonstrations. The Soviet government expressed strong diplomatic protest. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 111).
14.06.1974 1,225 Jews left the USSR in May 1974 as compared to an average of 3,000 a month in 1973; 220 or about 15% of those leaving the USSR in May remained in Vienna intending to settle outside of Israel. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 111).
15.06.1974 On the 4th anniversary of the Leningrad hijack attempt 34 Leningrad activists launch a 48 hour  hunger strike in solidarity with Jewish Prisoners of Conscience. Jewish prisoners in Potma and Perm labor camps also stage hunger strike on this anniversary. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 111).
17.06.1974 Jewish songwriter Alexander Galich granted exit visa valid until June 25th. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 112).
18.06.1974 Hunger strike by Goldstein brothers in protest against wave of oppression prior to President Nixon’s visit (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 112).
18.06.1974 Approval of 10 Soviet Jews to be trained as Rabbis at Budapest Theological Seminary. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 112).
19.06.1974 Many Jewish activists arrested by Soviet police in move to silence Jewish protests during forthcoming Nixon visit. Preventive arrests began in Moscow, Leningrad, Odessa, Kishinev and other cities. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 112). Among those arrested were Vladimir Slepak, Anatoly Sharansky, Lev Kogan, Alexander Lunts, Yuli Kosharovsky, Zahar Tesker and others. Many other activists confined to their homes under militia guard. (22, Dina Beilin).
21.06.1974 100 Moscow Jewish activists including Benjamin Levich, Alexander Lerner, Mikhail Agursky and Vitali Rubin urge President Nixon not to permit his partners in Moscow to worsen situation of Soviet Jews.  (d.o.r.) (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 112).
23.06.1974 34 Soviet Jews including Vitali Rubin and Mikhail Agursky appeal to US Senators Jackson, Javits and Ribicoff  to halt intensification of repressions prior to President Nixon’s visit and urge them to obtain firm Soviet guarantees on emigration before passing trade bill. (1911, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 112).
24.06.1974 Soviet police arrest Professor Alexander Voronel, head of refusenik scientists’ seminar,   following an unsuccessful attempt to induce him to cancel the seminar. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 112).
24.06.1974 Andrei Sakharov urges President Nixon and Secretary Brezhnev to give more emphasis to human rights during their Moscow talks, including the release of Soviet political prisoners and free emigration. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 112).
25.06.1974 Trial in Novosibirsk of Yuri and Anna Berkovsky (June 25th-27th) on fabricated charges of speculation and unauthorized possession of fire arms.  Both receive 2 year imprisonment. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 112).
26/06 1974 Police arrest cyberneticist Mikhail Agursky in Moscow. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 112).
27.06.1974 Professor Benjamin Levich’s sons Evgeny (released from the army on May 24th) and Alexander are informed that they will be allowed to leave for Israel within six weeks. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 112).
27.06.1974 40 American and 6 British scientists were denied entry visas to USSR to  participate in refusenik-scientists’ seminar. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 112).
27.06.1974 Vitali Rubin placed under house arrest by KGB. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 112).
27.06.1974 37 Vilnius Jews protest to Communist Party Central Committee  against arbitrary arrests of Jewish activists on the eve of President Nixon’s visit. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 112, DM).
27.06.1974 15 Kishinev Jewish activists, who demonstrated against delays in granting of exit visas, arrested and sentenced to 10-15 days in prison. (d.o.r.) (11 , Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 112).
27.06.1974 9 Minsk Jews including 4 former Red Army officers and 4 Jews in Odessa begin hunger strike in support of emigration. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 112).
27.06.1974 Andrei Sakharov’s first hunger strike to draw world attention to the plight of political prisoners in the USSR.
27.06.1974 Third Nixon-Brezhnev summit in Moscow June 27th – July 3rd.
29.06.1974 David Chernoglaz, sentenced in Kishinev trial in June 1971 to five years’ labor camp, is to be transferred from Perm camp to Vladimir prison for participating in hunger strike before President Nixon’s visit. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 113).
29.06.1974 Head of Moscow visa office (OVIR) informs Professor V. Levich he will be allowed to leave the USSR by the end of 1975.  (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 112).
01.07.1974 Scheduled international scientific symposium at Professor Voronel’s apartment in Moscow thwarted by KGB.  Three scientists removed by police and Western correspondents asked to leave. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 113).
03.07.1974 Jewish activists held in prison during Nixon’s visit begin to be released; estimates of number of Jews detained in Moscow, Leningrad, Odessa and Kiev and other cities vary from 50 to 100. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 113).
04.07.1974 Avital Sharansky (Natasha Stiglitz) emigrated from Moscow to Israel. (22, Anatoly Sharansky).
07.07.1974 US Senator Fulbright says that Senator Jackson undermines detente with the USSR. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 113).
15.07.1974 Over 150 Belgian academics hand petition to Soviet Ambassador Sobelev expressing concern at the fate of their colleagues who seek to emigrate from the USSR. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 113).
17.07.1974 Hillel Butman, convicted in 2nd Leningrad Trial on May 1971 and serving 10 year sentence in a Perm labor camp, gets 5 months’ solitary confinement for going on hunger strike on the eve of President Nixon’s visit. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 113).
17.07.1974 5 children of Soviet Jewish activists end 3 week campaign in Britain  for the release of their parents. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 113).
09.08.1974 U.S. President Richard Nixon resigns. Vice-President Gerald Ford becomes the 38th U.S. President .
14.08.1974 Valery and Galina Panov demonstrate outside Soviet Embassy in London on behalf of Victor Polsky, the Soviet Jewish activist accused of “dangerous driving”. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 114).
20.08.1974 40 British radiologists protest Soviet treatment of radiologist Dr. Victoria Poltinikova in Novosibirsk, who applied for emigration to Israel in 1972 with her parents. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 114).
22.08.1974 Sylva Zalmanson released from labor camp after 4 years. (11, Vol. 4, number 2, 1974, p. 114).
01.09.1974 80 leading Soviet Jewish activists from Moscow, Kiev, Leningrad and other cities issue statement advising caution in negotiations on the Jackson-Vanik Amendment.
01.09.1974 Yuri Vudka, of Ryazan, is released from labor camp after serving seven year sentence for “anti-Soviet activities”.
02.09.1974 Monument of Jewish sculptor Ernst Neizvestny was installed on the grave of Nikita Khrushchev.
03.09.1974 Shimon Grillius and Oleg Frolov released from Perm camp 36 after serving five year sentences. (d.o.r.), ( 11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 126).
04.09.1974 Jewish activist Vitali Rubin, specialist in ancient Chinese philosophy, suffers heart attack when arrested by police for “parasitism”. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 126).
11.09.1974 Sylva Zalmanson, freed August 22nd after serving 4 years of 10 year sentence imposed in 1970 Leningrad trial, arrives in Israel (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 126).
11.09.1974 Two demonstrations on September 11th-12th held in Moscow by Jewish activists demanding exit visas. All 10 participants were arrested for 15 days. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 126).
13.09.1974 Michael Kheifetz, a history teacher and writer sentenced in Leningrad to 4 years strict regime in labor camp plus two years internal exile on charges of ” anti-Soviet propaganda and agitation”. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 126).
18.09.1974 Sovietskaya Rossiya reports general decline in immigration to Israel because of the country’s high taxation to support the arms industry.
18.09.1974 Mendel Bodnya, one of the defendants in the 1970 Leningrad trial, arrived in Israel. (d.o.r.),  (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 126).
18.09.1974 4 refusenik-scientists A.Voronel, A. Lunts, M.Azbel and V.Brailovsky demanded insertion of clear-cut terms into any US-Soviet agreement on emigration. (d.o.r.) (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 126).
27.09.1974 100,000th Soviet Jewish immigrant since Six Day War arrives in Israel. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 127).
29.09.1974 About 800 Soviet Jews are forcibly prevented by the authorities from reciting Kaddish and other prayers at Babi Yar  to mark the 33rd anniversary of Nazi massacre of Jews. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 127).
30.09.1974 Analytical note of the Propaganda Division of the Central Committee of the CPSU consultant  L. Onnikov “On the exit of part of the Jewish population  from the USSR.”
06.10.1974 Group of 90 Jews wasn’t stopped by Soviet authorities to hold picnic in the woods outsideMoscow in celebration of the festival of Succot. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 127).
16.10.1974 Felix Kamov Kandel and Mikhail Suslov, leading film workers, begin hunger strike in Moscow to obtain permission for emigration. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 127).
16.10.1974 Weekly Moscow refusenik-scientist seminar is prevented from taking place by KGB. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 127).
16.10.1974 Soviet Jewish activist Victor Polsky found guilty in Moscow of dangerous driving and fined 100 rubles. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 127).
18.10.1974 The Jackson-Vanik Amendment passed by the Senate.
25.10.1974 Stepan Chervonenko, Soviet ambassador in Paris,  denies USSR agreed to permit emigration of 60,000 Jews per year in return for U.S. trade concessions. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 127).
25.10.1974 Moshe Leshem, the Israeli ambassador to Denmark, protests to the Danish Foreign Ministry against Soviet distribution of anti-semitic and anti-Israel pamphlets in Copenhagen. (d.o.r), (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 127).
00/11/1974 Alexander Luntz sent Congress and U.S. Senate an analysis of the situation of Soviet Jewry on the eve of a vote on the Jackson-Vanik Amendment. Conclusion of the analysis ‒ to vote for the Amendment. (22, A. Lunts).
04.11.1974 100 Soviet Jews in letter to Senator Henry Jackson accuse Soviet authorities of using military draft as punitive measure against young Jewish applicants for emigration to Israel. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 127).
06.11.1974 Meeting of refuseniks with Senator Buckley. The Senator promised support and campaign in the press.
08.11.1974 Professor Perelman, a Jewish scientist, killed by a fire by unknown elements at his apartment in Minsk, is the fifth victim of apparent antisemitic episodes in the city in the last three years. (d.o.r), (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 127).
08.11.1974 Soviet Jewish emigration to Israel declined by 37% to 14,822 in the first 10 months of 1974 compared with the same period in 1973, according to Committee for European Migration, Geneva.  (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 128).
09.11.1974 Anatoly Sharansky and Anatoly Malkin were detained in Minsk. During the search materials about the persecution of Jews in Minsk, letters of the Jews to various state institutions, and notebooks were confiscated. (36).
09.11.1974 Vladimir Davidov was detained in Sverdlovsk. During a search records about the situation of Jews in Novosibirsk and notebooks were taken. On November 11th he was taken to the airport and sent to Moscow. (36).
10.11.1974 Soviet dissident Andrei Sakharov urges inclusion of all Soviet nationals in U.S.-Soviet agreement on emigration. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 128).
14.11.1974 Leading Jewish activist Victor Polsky receives an exit visa. He will arrive in Israel December 24th.  (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 128).
18.11.1974 An analytical report compiled by refuseniks M. Agursky, A.  Luntz, V. Davidov, V. Rubin, D. Beilin, A. Voronel, A. Sharansky, V. Slepak, A. Lerner was transferred to the West. The report was submitted to the administration of President Ford on the eve of the summit between Ford and Brezhnev in Vladivostok. (Analytical Report).
23.11.1974 At a meeting in Vladivostok, USSR, U.S. President Ford and Soviet leader Brezhnev negotiated  arms control. (November 25).
25.11.1974 Appeal in behalf of Soviet Jewish prisoners, signed by over 600 politicians, academics, musicians, writers, stage and film actors published in The Times in London. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 128).
25.11.1974 About 200 Riga Jews organize pilgrimage to Rumbuli on the anniversary of the liquidation of the Riga ghetto; several arrested. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 128).
00/12/1974 Stevenson amendment to Trade Bill was adopted by the Senate.
02.12.1974 Almost 1,000 British doctors sign petition to Soviet authorities, protesting the trial of Dr. Mikhail Stern. (Vinnitsa) (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 128).
02.12.1974 Solzhenitsyn’s arrest in Moscow; his deportation the next day from the USSR with the deprivation of citizenship. Campaign in the press begins. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 128).
08.12.1974 After 11-week trial  Mikhail Leviev, former Moscow store manager,  sentenced to death penalty by Moscow Municipal Court on charges of bribery.  Leviev was arrested in June 1972 after receiving permission to go to Israel. On December 16th WJC President N. Goldmann appeals to Nikolai Podgorny to commute death sentence.  (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 128).
09.12.1974 28 year old Kopel Spector sentenced in Chernovtsy to 2 years corrective labor on charges of parasitism. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 128).
10.12.1974 8 Moscow Jewish women fast in protest against Soviet refusal to grant them exit visas to Israel on 26th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 128).
11.12.1974 The trial in Vinnitsa, Ukraine, of Dr. Mikhail Stern, December 11-31. The verdict ‒ eight years in labor camp for alleged bribe-taking and extortion. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 128).
13.12.1974 Senate adopts the Jackson-Vanik Amendment to the Law on Trade.
13.12.1974 Senate passed the Trade Bill with the Jackson-Vanik Amendment.
16.12.1974 The President of the World Jewish Congress, Nahum Goldmann appealed on December 16 to Nikolai Podgorny to commute the sentence to Michael Leviev, sentenced to death after the application for exit visa for allegedly “taking bribes”. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 128).
20.12.1974 Both houses of U.S. Congress pass the Trade Reform Bill linking trade concessions with easing emigration restrictions. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 128).
22.12.1974 International Seminar on Soviet Jewry takes place in Kiryat Anavim  December 22nd – 28th.  (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 129).
24.12.1974 Demonstration of t 45 refuseniks from Leningrad (organizer Israel Varnavitsky) and Moscow (organizer Alexander Luntz) in the waiting room of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the 4th anniversary of the 1st Leningrad Trial. About 300 people signed a letter of protest against the unjust sentences meted out at the  trial and present petition  to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet for the release of 40 Prisoners of Zion. After the sit-in a small group of Leningrad and Moscow refuseniks participated in a press conference at the apartment of A. Lunts. (22, Aba Taratuta).
24.12.1974 Victor and Elena Polsky arrived in Israel. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 128).
24.12.1974 On Prisoner of Zion Day activists came to the Central Committee of the CPSU demanding release of all 40 Prisoners of Zion.
27.12.1974 Sergei Kovalev, human rights activist, is arrested.
29.12.1974 Soviet Jewish physicist and activist Alexander Voronel arrives in Israel. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 129).
31.12.1974 Court in Vinnitsa sentenced Dr. Mikhail Stern to eight years in prison for alleged bribe-taking and extortion.
02.01.1975 3200 doctors from Britain, Canada and USA and 5 other countries sign petition to protest sentence passed on Mikhail Stern.  (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 129).
03.01.1975 President Ford sign US Trade Reform Act.
09.01.1975 Soviet Supreme Soviet rejects appeal of Mikhail Leviev sentenced to death for bribe-taking.
14.01.1975 USSR repudiates 1972 trade agreement with the United States. A Novosti  commentary, “Soul Hunters” cites official data showing that 98.4% of Soviet Jews applying to leave have been granted permission. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 129).
16.01.1975 USSR says it wishes to continue detente and maintain good commercial relations with the US despite its decision not to implement the 1972 trade agreement. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 129).
20.01.1975 15 of Moscow most prominent Jewish activists say they remain optimistic for the future of emigration movement in spite of Soviet rejection of trade agreement with US. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 129).
27.01.1975 Over 100 Soviet Jews sign a letter to the West that Russian rejection of  1972 trade agreement is due to US Export-Import Bank credit limitations (Stevenson Amendment),  not  Jackson-Vanik Amendment. (d.o.r.) (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 129).
29.01.1975 Six leading Soviet Jewish activists defend Senator Henry Jackson against charge by dissident historian Roy Medvedev that he sought “pretentious publicity” in pushing for policy of freer emigration. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 129).
04.02.1975 A group of the British MPs table parliamentary motion calling on Soviet authorities to commute M. Leviev’s death sentence. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 130).
11.02.1975 100 members of Belgian scientific community  appeal to the Soviet authorities to release Dr. Mikhail Stern. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 130).
12.02.1975 200 French political leaders, university professors, and physicians including Jean-Paul Sartre appeal to the Soviet authorities to release Dr. Mikhail Stern. (11, Vol. 5, # 1, 1975, p. 130).
24.02.1975 Jewish demonstration outside the Lenin Library in Moscow calling for the release of Jewish prisoners in the USSR and freer emigration to Israel. 10 refuseniks participated in the demonstration including Mark Nashpits, Boris Tsitlenok, Iosif Beilin, Anatoly Sharansky. Six were arrested for 15 days and Nashpits, Tsitlenok were brought to criminal court, and Tsipin and Sharansky were released (22, Dina Beilin).
03.03.1975 Famous dissident Viktor Krasin is given permission to emigrate to Canada.  (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 118)
04.03.1975 The sculptor Ernest Neizvestny is expelled from the Union of Soviet Artists after applying to emigrate to Israel. (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p.118)
05.03.1975 Sender Levinzon is arrested in Bendery on charges of having committed economic crimes.  (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 118).
12.03.1975 120 activists sign letter of protest against impending trial of Mark Nashpits and Boris Tsitlionok who demonstrated outside the Lenin Library with other refuseniks. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 118).
29.03.1975 Uniformed police are reported to have stopped Passover service at Moscow synagogue and to have ordered worshippers to leave. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p.118).
31.03.1975 Mark Nashpits and Boris Tsitlionok are sentenced to five years’ internal exile.  (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 118).
31.03.1975 98 activists from major cities begin a three day hunger strike to protest against the verdict of Nashpits and Tsitlonok. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 118).
01.04.1975 Alexander and Yevgeny Levich, sons of a famous Jewish scientist Benjamin Levich, leave Moscow for Israel after a three year struggle for exit visas. (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 118).
05.04.1975 The physicists Dr. Grigory and Isai Goldstein from Tbilisi are threatened with prosecution unless they cease demanding permission to emigrate to Israel. (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p.118)
05.04.1975 On April 5th – 6th Jewish scientists who wish to leave the USSR participate in Moscow seminar dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. (11, p.118)
07.04.1975 Mikhail Agursky, son of Samuel Agursky, who was the founder of Yevsektsiya (Jewish Section in the USSR) and the American Communist Party, leaves the Soviet Union to Israel. (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 118-119).
12.04.1975 280 Jewish activists from 19 Soviet cities sign appeal to Jewish organizations abroad demanding setting up a special international commission to investigate violations of human rights in the USSR over Jewish emigration.  (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 119).
13.04.1975 Day of Solidarity with Soviet Jews; Israel President Katzir appeals to Kremlin leaders to end harassment of Jews who wish to emigrate. 200 Jewish activists from various parts of the USSR declare one day hunger strike. (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 119).
13.04.1975 An estimated 125,000 people participate in New York demonstration marking Solidarity Day with Soviet Jewry. (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 119).
18.04.1975 Hunger strikes take place in 45 cities in Europe and America in  solidarity with the fasting Jewish activists Maria and Vladimir Slepak and their son Alexander to protest against their prolonged deprivation of exit visas to Israel. (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 119).
19.04.1975 Arrest of Andrew Tverdokhlebov, Secretary of the Moscow’s Amnesty International group. (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 119)
25.04.1975 Dr. W.J. McGill, President of the Columbia University, said that he will not “receive or deal with any visitors from the Soviet Union” and will not carry out joint projects with Soviet scientists until Vitaly Rubin, the Jewish sinologist, is permitted to accept a teaching post at Columbia University. (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 119).
25.04.1975 RSFSR Supreme Court rejects appeals by Mark Nashpits and Boris Tsitlionok. (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 119).
05.05.1975 A group of Riga Jews gathered in Rumbuli on the site of mass executions of Jews for the commemoration of the victims of the Holocaust.  (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 119).
14.05.1975 Speaking at the site of the Minsk ghetto, Colonel Yefim Davidovich has condemned anti-Semitic poet and writer Maxim Luzhanin and anti-Semitic writer Vladimir Begun. Several hundred Jews attended the rally (.11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 119).
16.05.1975 Colonel Yefim Davidovich, Minsk, stripped of military rank and deprived of officer’s pension. (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 119).
19.05.1975 Mark Nashpitz is exiled to Chita; Boris Tsitlonock to Krasnoyarsk. (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p.120)
27.05.1975 Arrest of Anatoly Malkin for “evasion of military service”; previously Malkin was expelled from an institute as a result of filing for emigration to Israel. (22, Dina Beilin).
01.06.1975 Sender Levinson of Bendery, Moldavia, is sentenced to six years in a labor camp for “speculation”. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p.120).
06.06.1975 100 activists sent an appeal to U.S. Senate and Congress in defense of Anatolii Malkin.
06.06.1975 USSR Supreme Soviet adopts decree imposing a new tax of 30%  on money sent to Soviet citizens from abroad. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 120).
14.06.1975 Lev Yagman, David Chernoglaz and Lassal Kaminsky, convicted in the 1971 Leningrad trial, are freed following completion of their five year sentences. ( 11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 120).
14.06.1975 The film “Calculated Risk”was screened in England; filmed  in Moscow with the participation of Anatoly Sharansky and Vladmir Slepak.
15.06.1975 Activists in several cities held a hunger strike to protest the sixth anniversary of the beginning of mass arrests in 1970 (25).
16.06.1975 38 Soviet Jewish activists, including Vitaly Rubin, Vladimir Slepak, Victor Brailovsky and Mark Azbel appeal  to the International Pen Club and five prominent Western authors to act in defense of the samizdat magazine “Jews in the USSR”. (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 120).
17.06.1975 Interrogation of Ida Nudel on documents relating to Prisoners of Zion. (25).
29.06.1975 Two groups of refuseniks meet separately with 10 senators, led by Hubert Humphrey, in Jacob Javits’ room at the Hotel Russiya (25).
29.06.1975 Visit to Moscow of fourteen senators led by Hubert Humphrey June 29 – July 5. (25).
02.07.1975 A provocation was staged against activist Lev Roitburd at the Odessa airport aimed at preventing his departure to Moscow, and subsequently on the basis of this provocation Roitburd will be sentenced to two years imprisonment. (22, Dina Beilin).
05.07.1975 A 57 page new edition of the dissident “Chronicle of Current Events” begins to circulate in Moscow. Dated May 31st, the latest edition is the 36th to appear since 1968. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 121).
14.07.1975 Intourist announces that “tourist-Zionists will be regarded as “interfering in Russia’s internal affairs”. The announcement follows a similar warning in the Soviet weekly Nedelya. (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 121).
22.07.1975 The Presidents Conference of Major American Jewish Organizations  and National Conference on Soviet Jewry issue a joint statement opposing changes in the Jackson-Vanik Amendment without parallel improvement in the USSR’s restrictions on emigration. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 121).
22.07.1975 The Speaker of the Netherlands Parliament Edward van Thijn, returning from a visit to Moscow, confirms the use of conscription in the Soviet campaign against Jewish emigration. (d.o.r.),  (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 121).
01.08.1975 The “Final Helsinki Act” was signed in Helsinki at the summit of 35 nations of Europe, USA and Canada. (13, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 183-189).
03.08.1975 Prisoner of Zion Vladimir Markman arrives in Israel after serving three years imprisonment in the USSR. (11, p. 121).
11.08.1975 Prisoner of Zion David Chernoglaz receives an exit visa to Israel. (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 121).
15.08.1975 Yakov Vinarov, a 21 year old engineering student who refused conscription into the army, is sentenced in Kiev to three years’ imprisonment for “evading military service”. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 121).
20.08.1975 Isaac Yilyulitin, a 35 year old Doctor of Mathematics, is sentenced to one year imprisonment on charges of attempted smuggling, having been arrested at Leningrad airport en route to Israel (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 122).
26.08.1975 Odessa activist Lev Roitburd receives a two year sentence of imprisonment “for resisting arrest” during visit to USSR of US Senate delegation. (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p. 122).
25.08.1975 Anatoly Malkin, a 20 year old Jewish student of metallurgy, charged  in Moscow with evading military service after applying for an exit visa to Israel, is sentenced to three years’ imprisonment (22, Dina Beilin).
29.08.1975 Colonels Lev Ovsischer and Yefim Davidovich and other Zionist activists protest imminent screening in Minsk of new anti-Zionist documentary film, “The Secret and the Obvious”. (d.or.), (11, Vol. 5, # 2, 1975, p.  122).
02.09.1975 Jewish leaders agree in Paris to hold a Second World Conference on Soviet Jewry in Brussels in February 1976. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 95).
05.09.1975 During New Year’s eve service Jews clash with militia outside Moscow synagogue. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 95)
09.09.1975 Professor Aryeh Dvoretsky of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and President of the Israel Science Academy, lectures at Jewish scientific seminar in Moscow, led by Alexander Voronel. (d.o.r.) (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 95).
09.09.1975 British 35’s Women’s Committee launch a global campaign to collect 12 million signatures in 42 countries on behalf of persecuted Soviet Jewish women. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 95).
13.09.1975 Pravda and Izvestia  publish complete text of Helsinki Final Act.(11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 95).
18.09.1975 The Soviet Union ratified the Helsinki Accords. (26, p.93).
19.09.1975 Alexander Slepak, 23, elder son of Moscow activist Vladimir Slepak, is sent to prison on charges of “loitering”. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 95).
19.09.1975 French Jewry holds week of solidarity with Jews in the USSR September 19th – 29th.  (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 95).
21.09.1975 Soviet authorities intervene in Succot picnic held in the woods near Moscow by Russian Jews and visiting Israeli athletes; tearing down Israeli flag. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 95).
24.09.1975 20,000 participate in march of solidarity with Soviet Jewry in Paris. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 95).
24.09.1975 RSFSR rejects appeal by Mark Nashpits, sentenced in May to 5 years’ exile. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 95).
28.09.1975 Jewish activists in Kiev were not allowed to attend the Babi Yar commemoration ceremony on the 34th anniversary of the Nazi massacre of Jews. (25, 11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 95).
30.09.1975 Two Jewish cemeteries in Kiev are reported to have been desecrated by vandals. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 95).
01.10.1975 Sylva Zalmanson begins the second week of her hunger strike outside the UN building in New York in support of her husband Edward Kuznetsov and her brothers Israel and Wolf Zalmanson who are still imprisoned in the USSR. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 95, DM).
02.10.1975 Dr. Mikhail Stern’s son Viktor arrives in London to launch a world-wide campaign for the release of his father from a Soviet prison camp. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 95).
08.10.1975 Newspaper Sovetskaya Belorussia accused refuseniks Naum Olshansky and Yefim Davidovich that “they sold out to Zionism.”
09.10.1975 The Nobel Peace Prize award to Andrei Sakharov is announced.
10.10.1975 Parliamentarians from 12 Western European countries form a committee in support of Soviet Jewish emigration. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 95).
16.10.1975 A letter of Anatoly Malkin, where he appeals to Russian Jews not to serve in the Soviet army, is publicized in the West; the authorities are using the draft as a deterrent for those who want to emigrate to Israel. (25).
21.10.1975 The USSR permanent mission at the UN protests demonstrations by the “Zionist hooligan groups” held October 8th-9th. (11, p. 96).
21.10.1975 52 British MPs sign motion condemning Soviet treatment of Professor Levich and urging the Soviet government to honor the Helsinki agreement. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p.96).
28.10.1975 The 37th issue of the samizdat “Chronicle of Current Events” is circulated in the USSR.  (11. Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 96).
31.10.1975 119 Soviet Jews sign protest against the UN Third Committee draft resolution equating Zionism with racism claiming it is “essentially anti-Semitic”. (d.o.r.),  (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p.96).
31.10.1975 Boris Penson, sentenced to 10 years imprisonment at the first Leningrad trial, declares a hunger strike to “mark political prisoner day” in the USSR.  (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p.96).
10.11.1975 A women’s Amnesty International conference in London adopts a resolution urging the Soviet Union to cease its antisemitic policies. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 96).
10.11.1975 UN Resolution number 3379 equated Zionism with racism. (13, p. 85).
18.11.1975 Alexander Silnitsky, a 23 year old student from Krasnodar, is sentenced to three years imprisonment on charges of draft evasion. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 96).
20.11.1975 The arrest of Boris Zaturensky, 33, in Minsk is reported. Zaturensky was arrested  on charges of buying and selling gold coins, not long after his application to emigrate to Israel. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 96).
20.11.1975 A fortnightly scientific seminar, similar to the one in Moscow, is begun  in Kiev with the participation of 15 Jewish scientists, most of whom were refused exit visas to Israel. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 96).
23.11.1975 Dr. Mikhail Stern is reported to be seriously ill in prison. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 96).
01.12.1975 Petya Pinkhasov, 39, of Derbent, is released after serving two years of a five year sentence. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 96).
01.12.1975 Felix Dektor, co-editor of samizdat magazine “The Jews in the USSR”, is expelled from the Writers’ Union. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 96).
01.12.1975 Over 300 British doctors appeal for release Dr. M. Stern who was sentenced to eight years’ imprisonment. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 96).
13.12.1975 The French Communist Party challenges the Soviet authorities to deny the existence of forced labor camps for political prisoners in the USSR. (d.o.r.), 11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 96).
14.12.1975 A National Council on Soviet Jewry is established at the conclusion of the first National Conference on Soviet Jewry held in Great Britain. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 96).
15.12.1975 The Chief Rabbi of the British Commonwealth Dr. Immanuel Jakobovitz visits the USSR at the invitation of the Soviet authorities. The visit will last until December 24. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 97).
24.12.1975 On Vladimir Prestin’s initiative, a “Day of Solidarity with Prisoners of Zion” is held in Moscow. (22, Vladimir Prestin).
24.12.1975 A demonstration of solidarity with Prisoners of Zion is organized in Moscow. Anatolii Sharansky, Alexander Luntz, Mark Azbel, Yuli Kosharovsky, Victor Brailovsky, Vladimir Lazaris and others are arrested. (25).
31.12.1975 Emigration in 1975 was 13,216 people, representing 38% of the level of emigrants in 1973.
??.01.1976 In Leningrad, under the leadership of Evgeny Abezgauz an unauthorized exhibition of paintings by Jewish artists is held.
??.01.1976 The need to receive a reference from an employer to apply for an exit visa was eliminated.
??.01.1976 Authorities demand that Vladimir Kislik, head of a refusenik-scientists seminar in Kiev, stop activities of the seminar; otherwise they threatened serious repercussions. (25).
05.01.1976 Industrialist Ford (USA) claims that the Jackson Amendment, which became law a year ago, has led to reduced emigration of Soviet Jews. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 97).
16.01.1976 Lydia Nisanova, 32, Derbent, receives 18 months imprisonment  on charges of speculation. In the summer of 1975 Mrs. Nisanova applied for an emigration permit to Israel. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 97).
29.01.1976 The Council of Europe in Strasbourg approves unanimously a recommendation that member states be required to intervene with Moscow on the situation of Jews in the USSR. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 97).
16.02.1976 Delegation of refuseniks is accepted by senior officials of the Moscow Ministry of Internal Affairs for the first time in four years. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 97).
16.02.1976 A meeting with a group of refuseniks was held In the CPSU Central Committee by a Department head of administrative bodies Albert Ivanov.
17.02.1976 The Second World Conference on Soviet Jewry takes place in Brussels February 17-19th.  (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 97).
24.02.1976 The mathematician, Alexander Luntz, a principal Moscow Jewish activist, arrives in Israel. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 97).
27.02.1976 Iosif Meshiner, 41, a teacher from Bendery, is released after serving a six-year prison term. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 97).
29.02.1976 “Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry” (SSSJ) held a protest rally outside the Soviet Embassy in the USA. (25).
29.02.1976 In Washington, the “Conference on Soviet Jewry” started. The Conference will complete its work on March 2nd.
15.03.1976 A Purimshpiel is performed in a small Yiddish amateur theater in Kishinev. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 130).
25.03.1976 50 Nobel laureates appeal to Soviet authorities for the release of Dr. Stern. (11, p. 130).
04.04.1976 National Conference on Soviet Jewry in the United States proclaims National Solidarity Month on behalf of Soviet Jewry. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 130).
24.04.1976 Former Red Army Colonel Yefim Davidovich, an activist fighting for repatriation of Soviet Jewry to Israel and against anti-Semitism, has died of a heart attack in Minsk at the age of 54. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 130).
02.05.1976 100,000 participate in a march of solidarity with Soviet Jewry in New York.  (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 130).
09.05.1976 3000 Jews attend meeting addressed by Colonel Lev Ovsishcher in Minsk on the anniversary of Soviet victory in World War II.  (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 130).
12.05.1976 The Public Group to Promote the Implementation of the Helsinki Agreements – “The Helsinki Monitoring Group in the USSR” is formed in Moscow, led by dissident Yuri Orlov. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 130).
19.05.1976 77 activists from 13 cities made a statement on the need to revive Jewish culture in the USSR. (25).
23.05.1976 A tax 30% is levied on money transferred to Soviet citizens from abroad. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p.130 – p. 131).
00/06/1976 Representatives of the SSSJ organization report that seminars operate in Moscow under the direction of Alexander Lerner, Mark Azbel, Benjamin Levich, Yuli Kosharovsky, Arkady Mai, and Grigory Rosenstein. (25).
00/06/1976 Vladimir Slepak replaces Vitaly Rubin in the “Moscow Helsinki Group” due to Vitaly’s departure to Israel. (22, Vladimir Slepak).
11.06.1976 Soviet Jews celebrate the 100th session of Lerner’s scientist seminar in Moscow.  (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p.131).
15.06.1976 USSR adopts new regulations raising duty on parcels sent to Soviet citizens from abroad.  (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p.131).
17/06/1976 Demonstrations and protest rallies were held in Israel on the sixth anniversary of the arrests of attempted hijackers in Leningrad. (25).
18.06.1976 Inna and Vitaly Rubin arrive in Israel. (25).
22.06.1976 Death sentence on Mikhail Leviev is commuted to 15 years in a labor camp.
01.07.1976 A memorial erected at Babi Yar, contains no Jewish reference. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 130).
06.07.1976 Arkady and Leonid Weinman, 24 year old twins from Kharkov, receive exit visas for Israel after serving a four-year imprisonment for “hooliganism”. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 130, DM).
07.07.1976 An all-party group of British women MPs has created a committee in support of activist Ida Nudel. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 131).
09.07.1976 A seminar of Refuseniks under the leadership of Colonel Lev Ovsischer begins  to operate in Minsk. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 131).
16.07.1976 Jewish activist Lazar Lubarsky, Rostov-on-Don, is freed after serving a four year sentence for allegedly giving away state secrets. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 131).
30.07.1976 Yuri Vudka, Ryazan, is released from labor camp after serving a seven year sentence for “anti-Soviet activities”. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 131).
07.08.1976 Parliamentary delegation of Denmark called the Soviet authorities to carry out liberal emigration policies. (11, Vol. 6, # 1, 1976, p. 131).
12.09.1976 June Jacobs was elected Chairman of the British National Council for  Soviet Jewry. (11, Vol. 7, # 1, 1977, p. 124).
13.09.1976 A week of activities on behalf of Moscow activist Ida Nudel begins in Great Britain. (11, Vol. 7, # 1, 1977, p. 103).
18.09.1976 A group of twenty Jewish activists, including Vladimir Slepak, Boris Chernobilsky, Yosef Ahs and others, submitted to the Supreme Soviet a letter of protest against unsubstantiated refusals. The letter sets out requirements for written refusals of exit visas and the possibility to appeal in the presence of a refusenik. (22, Dina Beilin).
20.09.1976 The widow and daughter of Colonel Yefim Davidovich arrive in Israel. (11, Vol. 7, # 1, 1977, p. 103).
27.09.1976 Yefim Davidovich’s remains were delivered to Israel and buried in Jerusalem. (11, Vol. 7, # 1, 1977, p. 103).
24.09.1976 Jews celebrate the New Year outside the Moscow Choral Synagogue without police interference. (11, Vol. 7, # 1, 1977, p. 103).
16.10.1976 Enid Wurtman, co-chairman of the Union of Council for Soviet Jewry, and Connie Smukler arrive on a visit to Moscow. (22, Enid Wurtman).
18.10.1976 Sit-in demonstration of refuseniks in the Supreme Soviet, demanding an answer to a letter filed by Refuseniks a month earlier. In the evening, participants were detained, taken into the woods and released. (22, Dina Beilin, Enid Wurtman).
19.10.1976 The New York Times published an article about the demonstration on October 18 in the Supreme Soviet. (22, Enid Wurtman).
19.10.1976 13 activists held a demonstration at the Supreme Soviet. At the end of the day participants were detained, taken into the woods, some refuseniks were beaten up by the police. Zahar Tesker’s nose was broken. (aa.).
19.10.1976 Press-conference organized by Natan Sharansky at Vladimir Slepak’s apartment in connection with beating of activists in the forest near Moscow, following the demonstration at the Supreme Soviet. (22, Dina Beilin).
19.10.1976 In a joint Israeli-American committee meeting in New York participants agree  in principle to restrict aid to “drop-outs” in Vienna. (11, Vol. 7, # 1, 1977, p. 103).
20.10.1976 Demonstration of twenty-eight activists in the Supreme Soviet with a demand to punish those who were guilty of beating of Jewish activists the previous day as well as to respond to the letter filed by Refuseniks a month earlier. They attain a promise to be received by Minister Shchelokov the next day. (22, Dina Beilin).
20.10.1976 David Shipler’s article in The New York Times about the beating of activists after the demonstration. (22, Enid Wurtman).
21.10.1976 Demonstration of fifty-two activists at the reception room of the MIA; reception of representatives of the demonstrators (Vladimir Slepak, Anatoly Sharansky, Boris Chernobylsky) by Minister Shchelokov. After reception the demonstrators with yellow stars on the chest passed through the center of Moscow to the reception room of the Central Committee, where they were detained and taken outside of Moscow. Four ‒ Victor Elistratov, Mikhail Kremen, Arkady Polishchuk and Boris Chernobilsky were separated from the others and taken away. (22, Dina Beilin).
22.10.1976 Forty activists demonstrate in the Supreme Soviet, march out to the reception room of the Central Committee with yellow stars on their clothes. Albert Ivanov receives Vladimir Slepak, Yosef Ahs and Anatoly Sharansky. At the end of the day all are detained and taken to a drunkards facility, registered and forewarned. (22, Dina Beilin).
23.10.1976 Information is received that Victor Elistratov, Mikhail Kremen and Arkady Polishchuk were detained for 15 days, and Boris Chernobilsky was placed in Butyrskaya prison. (22, Dina Beilin).
25.10.1976 Demonstration of activists at the Central Committee with yellow stars. Most of the protesters arrested on their way to the Central Committee, at home or near home; 17 people sentenced to 15 days: Vladimir Slepak, Anatoly Sharansky, Yuli Kosharovsky, Yosef Beilin, Felix Kandel, etc; six women fined 20 rubles each; criminal cases on hooliganism charges opened against Iosif Ahs and Boris Chernobilsky (a month later they will be released for lack of evidence). (22, Dina Beilin).
28.10.1976 Appeal of Maria Slepak to Senator Edward Kennedy in defense of Boris Chernobilsky and Iosif Ahs; her own husband is serving 15 days in detention. (Letter of Maria Slepak).
??.11.1976 A book “The Long Road to Freedom” issued by samizdat.
02.11.1976 Presidential elections in the U.S. is won by the Democratic party candidate Jimmy Carter.
10.11.1976 Prisoners of Zion Yuri Vudka and Lazar Lubarsky receive exit visas to Israel.  (11, Vol. 7, # 1, 1977, p. 103).
18.11.1976 Arrest in Shahrizyabe, Uzbekistan, of Zavurov brothers for refusing to take back the international passports (their exit visas were expired because of the fault of Customs). (22, Dina Beilin).
18.11.1976 The first trial in Shahrizyabe, Uzbekistan, of the Zavurov brothers; they were sentenced to 15 days in detention. (22, Dina Beilin).
19.11.1976 Mark Lutsker, Kiev, who recently completed two year sentence for draft evasion, receives an exit visa to Israel. (d.o.r.) (11, Vol. 7, # 1, 1977, p. 104).
22.11.1976 An article in Izvestia – “Formula of betrayal: propagandist ‘of the  Zionist paradise’ in the mantle of the scientist”. (27, p. 253).
23.11.1976 Searches in apartments of the organizers of the symposium on Jewish culture, including Benjamin Fain, Vladimir Prestin, Pavel Abramovich, Vladimir Lazaris, Iosif Begun and Eliyahu Essas. (27, p. 254).
24.11.1976 Appeal of 92 refuseniks to world Jewry protesting searches in the apartments of the organizers of the symposium on Jewish culture. (8, p.151).
24.11.1976 Yevgeny Abezgauz, a leading Leningrad refusenik, receives permission to emigrate to Israel. (d.o.r.), (11, Vol. 7, # 1, 1977, p.104).
26.11.1976 The Organizing Committee of the symposium on Jewish culture appealed to a number of international organizations and public figures with a call for support. (27, p. 257).
08.12.1976 Deputy Minister of Culture Popov warns organizers of the symposium on Jewish culture on the unacceptability of the symposium. (27, p. 262).
10.12.1976 KGB increases the pressure on the organizers of the symposium and starts questioning main activists. (27, p. 269).
14.12.1976 A new wave of searches and interrogations of members of the organizing committee of the symposium on Jewish culture in Moscow, Kiev, Leningrad, Gorky, Minsk, Tbilisi and other cities, lasting until December 20th. (27, p. 270-276).
14.12.1976 Meeting of organizers of the symposium on Jewish culture with Aaron Vergelis, editor in chief of the newspaper “Sovetishe Heimland”. (27, p. 273).
21/12/1976   Scheduled unofficial symposium on Jewish culture in the USSR is banned by the authorities.

 

 

 

 

Comments are closed.